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data sheet 03.97 preliminary mi c r o c omp u ter compone n t s c 1 61 v / c 1 6 1 k / c 1 6 1 o 1 6 -bit cmos single-chip microcontroller h t tp://www .siemens.de/ semiconductor/
semiconductor group 1 09.96 l high performance 16-bit cpu with 4-stage pipeline l 125 ns instruction cycle time at 16-mhz cpu clock l 625 ns multiplication (16 16 bits), 1,25 m s division (32 / 16 bit) l enhanced boolean bit manipulation facilities l additional instructions to support hll and operating systems l register-based design with multiple variable register banks l single-cycle context switching support l clock generation via prescaler or via direct clock input l up to 4 mbytes linear address space for code and data l 1 kbyte on-chip ram on c161v and c161k, 2 kbytes on-chip ram on c161o l programmable external bus characteristics for different address ranges l 8-bit or 16-bit external data bus l multiplexed or demultiplexed external address/data buses (mux bus only on c161v) l programmable chip-select signals (not on c161v) l 1024 bytes on-chip special function register area l idle and power down modes (not on c161v) l 8-channel interrupt-driven single-cycle data transfer facilities via peripheral event controller (pec) l 16-priority-level interrupt system with 14 sources on c161v, 20 sources on c161k, c161o l multi-functional general purpose timer unit(s) l synchronous/asynchronous serial channel l high-speed-synchronous serial channel l programmable watchdog timer l up to 63 general purpose i/o lines l supported by a large range of development tools like c-compilers, macro-assembler packages, emulators, evaluation boards, hll-debuggers, simulators, logic analyzer disassemblers, programming boards l ambient temperature range 0 to 70 ?c l 80-pin mqfp package (0.65 mm pitch) this document describes the sab-c161v-l16m , the sab-c161k-l16m and the sab-c161o-l16m . for simplicity all versions are referred to by the term c161 throughout this document whenever possible. c166-family of high-performance cmos 16-bit microcontrollers preliminary c161v, c161k, c161o 16-bit microcontrollers c161
semiconductor group 2 1996 intermediate version c161 introduction the c161 is a new derivative of the siemens sab 80c166 family of single-chip cmos microcontrollers. it combines high cpu performance (up to 8 million instructions per second) with high peripheral functionality and enhanced io-capabilities. the c161 derivatives are especially suited for cost sensitive applications. figure 1 logic symbol ordering information type ordering code package function sab-c161v-l16m q67121-c1007 p-mqfp-80-1 16-bit microcontroller with 1 kbyte ram temperature range 0 to +70 ?c sab-c161k-l16m q67121-c1060 p-mqfp-80-1 16-bit microcontroller with 1 kbyte ram temperature range 0 to +70 ?c sab-c161o-l16m q67121-c1061 p-mqfp-80-1 16-bit microcontroller with 2 kbyte ram temperature range 0 to +70 ?c
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 3 c161 figure 2 pin configuration square mqfp-80 package (top view) note: the marked signals are not available on all c161 derivatives. please refer to the detailed description below.
semiconductor group 4 1996 intermediate version c161 pin definitions and functions symbol pin number input output function xtal1 xtal2 2 3 i o xtal1: input to the oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock generator xtal2: output of the oscillator amplifier circuit. to clock the device from an external source, drive xtal1, while leaving xtal2 unconnected. minimum and maximum high/low and rise/fall times specified in the ac characteristics must be observed. p3.2 p3.13 5 16 i/o i/o port 3 is a 12-bit bidirectional i/o port. it is bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bits. for a pin configured as input, the output driver is put into high-impedance state. the following port 3 pins also serve for alternate functions: 5 i p3.2 capin gpt2 register caprel capture input this function is only available on the c161o. 6 7 8 9 10 o i i i i p3.3 t3out gpt1 timer t3 toggle latch output p3.4 t3eud gpt1 timer t3 ext.up/down ctrl.input p3.5 t4in gpt1 timer t4 input for count/gate/reload/capture p3.6 t3in gpt1 timer t3 count/gate input p3.7 t2in gpt1 timer t2 input for count/gate/reload/capture these functions are only available on the c161k and the c161o. 11 12 13 14 15 16 i/o i/o o i/o o o i/o p3.8 mrst ssc master-rec./slave-transmit i/o p3.9 mtsr ssc master-transmit/slave-rec. o/i p3.10 txd0 asc0 clock/data output (asyn./syn.) p3.11 rxd0 asc0 data input (asyn.) or i/o (syn.) p3.12 bhe ext. memory high byte enable signal, wrh ext. memory high byte write strobe p3.13 sclk ssc master clock outp./slave cl. inp. p4.0 p4.5 17-20, 23, 24 17 ... 24 i/o i/o o ... o port 4 is a 6-bit bidirectional i/o port. it is bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bits. for a pin configured as input, the output driver is put into high-impedance state. in case of an external bus configuration, port 4 can be used to output the segment address lines: p4.0 a16 least significant segment addr. line ... ... ... p4.5 a21 most significant segment addr. line rd 25 o external memory read strobe. rd is activated for every external instruction or data read access.
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 5 c161 wr / wrl 26 o external memory write strobe. in wr -mode this pin is activated for every external data write access. in wrl -mode this pin is activated for low byte data write accesses on a 16-bit bus, and for every data write access on an 8-bit bus. see wrcfg in register syscon for mode selection. ale 27 o address latch enable output. can be used for latching the address into external memory or an address latch in the multiplexed bus modes. ea 28 i external access enable pin. a low level at this pin during and after reset forces the c161 to begin instruction execution out of external memory. a high level forces execution out of the internal rom. the c161 must have this pin tied to ?? port0: p0l.0 p0l.7, p0h.0 - p0h.7 29 36 39 46 i/o port0 consists of the two 8-bit bidirectional i/o ports p0l and p0h. it is bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bits. for a pin configured as input, the output driver is put into high-impedance state. in case of an external bus configuration, port0 serves as the address (a) and address/data (ad) bus in multiplexed bus modes and as the data (d) bus in demultiplexed bus modes. demultiplexed bus modes: data path width: 8-bit 16-bit p0l.0 ?p0l.7: d0 - d7 d0 - d7 p0h.0 ?p0h.7: i/o d8 - d15 demux bus is only available on the c161k and the c161o. multiplexed bus modes: data path width: 8-bit 16-bit p0l.0 ?p0l.7: ad0 - ad7 ad0 - ad7 p0h.0 ?p0h.7: a8 - a15 ad8 - ad15 port1: p1l.0 p1l.7, p1h.0 - p1h.7 47 - 54 55 - 62 i/o port1 consists of the two 8-bit bidirectional i/o ports p1l and p1h. it is bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bits. for a pin configured as input, the output driver is put into high-impedance state. the c161k and the c161o use port1 as the 16-bit address bus (a) in demultiplexed bus modes and also after switching from a demultiplexed bus mode to a multiplexed bus mode. rstin 65 i reset input with schmitt-trigger characteristics. a low level at this pin for a specified duration while the oscillator is running resets the c161. an internal pullup resistor permits power-on reset using only a capacitor connected to v ss . pin definitions and functions (cont?) symbol pin number input output function
semiconductor group 6 1996 intermediate version c161 rstout 66 o internal reset indication output. this pin is set to a low level when the part is executing either a hardware-, a software- or a watchdog timer reset. rstout remains low until the einit (end of initialization) instruction is executed. nmi 67 i non-maskable interrupt input. a high to low transition at this pin causes the cpu to vector to the nmi trap routine. when the pwrdn (power down) instruction is executed, the nmi pin must be low in order to force the c161 to go into power down mode. if nmi is high, when pwrdn is executed, the part will continue to run in normal mode. power down is only available on the c161k and the c161o. if not used, pin nmi should be pulled high externally. p6.0 p6.3 68 - 71 i/o i/o port 6 is a 4-bit bidirectional i/o port. it is bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bits. for a pin configured as input, the output driver is put into high-impedance state. the port 6 pins also serve for alternate functions: 68 69 70 71 o o o o p6.0 cs0 chip select 0 output (c161o, c161k) p6.1 cs1 chip select 1 output (c161o, c161k) p6.2 cs2 chip select 2 output (c161o) p6.3 cs3 chip select 3 output (c161o) the c161v does not provide cs outputs. p2.9 p2.15 72 - 78 72 ... 75 i/o i/o i ... i port 2 is a 7-bit bidirectional i/o port. it is bit-wise programmable for input or output via direction bits. for a pin configured as input, the output driver is put into high-impedance state. the following port 2 pins also serve for alternate functions: p2.9 ex1in fast external interrupt 1 input ... ... ... p2.12 ex4in fast external interrupt 4 input 76 ... 78 i ... i p2.13 ex5in fast external interrupt 5 input ... ... ... p2.15 ex7in fast external interrupt 7 input these ext. interrupts are only available on the c161o. p5.14 p5.15 79 80 i i port 5 is a 2-bit input-only port with schmitt-trigger characteristics. 79 80 i i the pins of port 5 also serve as timer inputs: p5.14 t4eud gpt1 timer t4 ext.up/down ctrl.input p5.15 t2eud gpt1 timer t2 ext.up/down ctrl.input these functions are only available on the c161k and the c161o. pin definitions and functions (cont?) symbol pin number input output function
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 7 c161 v cc 4, 22, 37, 64 - digital supply voltage: + 5 v during normal operation and idle mode. 3 2.5 v during power down mode v ss 1, 21, 38, 63 - digital ground. pin definitions and functions (cont?) symbol pin number input output function
semiconductor group 8 1996 intermediate version c161 device cross-reference the table below describes the differences between the three derivatives described in this data sheet. this table provides an overview on the capabilities of each derivative for a quick comparison. feature c161v c161k c161o internal ram size (iram) 1 kbyte 1 kbyte 2 kbytes chip select signals --- 2 4 bus modes mux mux / demux mux / demux power saving modes --- yes yes fast external interrupts 4 4 7 general purpose timer unit 1 (gpt1) yes yes yes input / output functionality of gpt1 --- yes yes general purpose timer unit 2 (gpt2) with capture input (capin) functionality --- --- yes
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 9 c161 functional description the architecture of the c161 combines advantages of both risc and cisc processors and of advanced peripheral subsystems in a very well-balanced way. the following block diagram gives an overview of the different on-chip components and of the advanced, high bandwidth internal bus structure of the c161. note : all time specifications refer to a cpu clock of 16 mhz (see definition in the ac characteristics section). figure 3 block diagram
semiconductor group 10 1996 intermediate version c161 memory organization the memory space of the c161 is configured in a von neumann architecture which means that code memory, data memory, registers and i/o ports are organized within the same linear address space which includes 4 mbytes. the entire memory space can be accessed bytewise or wordwise. particular portions of the on-chip memory have additionally been made directly bit addressable. the c161 is prepared to incorporate on-chip mask-programmable rom for code or constant data. currently no rom is integrated. on-chip ram (2 kbytes in the c161o, 1 kbyte in the c161v and the c161k) is provided as a storage for user defined variables, for the system stack, general purpose register banks and even for code. a register bank can consist of up to 16 wordwide (r0 to r15) and/or bytewide (rl0, rh0, ? rl7, rh7) so-called general purpose registers (gprs). 1024 bytes (2 * 512 bytes) of the address space are reserved for the special function register areas (sfr space and esfr space). sfrs are wordwide registers which are used for controlling and monitoring functions of the different on-chip units. unused sfr addresses are reserved for future members of the c161 family. in order to meet the needs of designs where more memory is required than is provided on chip, up to 4 mbytes of external ram and/or rom can be connected to the microcontroller. external bus controller all of the external memory accesses are performed by a particular on-chip external bus controller (ebc). it can be programmed either to single chip mode when no external memory is required, or to one of four different external memory access modes, which are as follows: ?16-/18-/20-/22-bit addresses, 16-bit data, demultiplexed (not in the c161v) ?16-/18-/20-/22-bit addresses, 16-bit data, multiplexed ?16-/18-/20-/22-bit addresses, 8-bit data, multiplexed ?16-/18-/20-/22-bit addresses, 8-bit data, demultiplexed (not in the c161v) in the demultiplexed bus modes, addresses are output on port1 and data is input/output on port0. in the multiplexed bus modes both addresses and data use port0 for input/output. note: the c161v only provides multiplexed bus modes. important timing characteristics of the external bus interface (memory cycle time, memory tri- state time, length of ale and read write delay) have been made programmable to allow the user the adaption of a wide range of different types of memories. in addition, different address ranges may be accessed with different bus characteristics. external cs signals (0, 2, 4, depending on the device) can be generated in order to save external glue logic. for applications which require less than 4 mbytes of external memory space, this address space can be restricted to 1 mbyte, 256 kbyte or to 64 kbyte. in this case port 4 outputs four, two or no address lines at all. it outputs all 6 address lines, if an address space of 4 mbytes is used.
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 11 c161 central processing unit (cpu) the main core of the cpu consists of a 4-stage instruction pipeline, a 16-bit arithmetic and logic unit (alu) and dedicated sfrs. additional hardware has been spent for a separate multiply and divide unit, a bit-mask generator and a barrel shifter. based on these hardware provisions, most of the c161? instructions can be executed in just one machine cycle which requires 125 ns at 16-mhz cpu clock. for example, shift and rotate instructions are always processed during one machine cycle independent of the number of bits to be shifted. all multiple-cycle instructions have been optimized so that they can be executed very fast as well: branches in 2 cycles, a 16 16 bit multiplication in 5 cycles and a 32-/16 bit division in 10 cycles. another pipeline optimization, the so-called ?ump cache? allows reducing the execution time of repeatedly performed jumps in a loop from 2 cycles to 1 cycle. figure 4 cpu block diagram
semiconductor group 12 1996 intermediate version c161 the cpu disposes of an actual register context consisting of up to 16 wordwide gprs which are physically allocated within the on-chip ram area. a context pointer (cp) register determines the base address of the active register bank to be accessed by the cpu at a time. the number of register banks is only restricted by the available internal ram space. for easy parameter passing, a register bank may overlap others. a system stack is provided as a storage for temporary data. the system stack is allocated in the on- chip ram area, and it is accessed by the cpu via the stack pointer (sp) register. two separate sfrs, stkov and stkun, are implicitly compared against the stack pointer value upon each stack access for the detection of a stack overflow or underflow. the high performance offered by the hardware implementation of the cpu can efficiently be utilized by a programmer via the highly efficient c161 instruction set which includes the following instruction classes: arithmetic instructions logical instructions boolean bit manipulation instructions compare and loop control instructions shift and rotate instructions prioritize instruction data movement instructions system stack instructions jump and call instructions return instructions system control instructions miscellaneous instructions the basic instruction length is either 2 or 4 bytes. possible operand types are bits, bytes and words. a variety of direct, indirect or immediate addressing modes are provided to specify the required operands.
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 13 c161 interrupt system with an interrupt response time within a range from just 315 ns to 750 ns (in case of internal program execution), the c161 is capable of reacting very fast to the occurence of non-deterministic events. the architecture of the c161 supports several mechanisms for fast and flexible response to service requests that can be generated from various sources internal or external to the microcontroller. any of these interrupt requests can be programmed to being serviced by the interrupt controller or by the peripheral event controller (pec). in contrast to a standard interrupt service where the current program execution is suspended and a branch to the interrupt vector table is performed, just one cycle is ?tolen?from the current cpu activity to perform a pec service. a pec service implies a single byte or word data transfer between any two memory locations with an additional increment of either the pec source or the destination pointer. an individual pec transfer counter is implicity decremented for each pec service except when performing in the continuous transfer mode. when this counter reaches zero, a standard interrupt is performed to the corresponding source related vector location. pec services are very well suited, for example, for supporting the transmission or reception of blocks of data. the c161 has 8 pec channels each of which offers such fast interrupt-driven data transfer capabilities. a separate control register which contains an interrupt request flag, an interrupt enable flag and an interrupt priority bitfield exists for each of the possible interrupt sources. via its related register, each source can be programmed to one of sixteen interrupt priority levels. once having been accepted by the cpu, an interrupt service can only be interrupted by a higher prioritized service request. for the standard interrupt processing, each of the possible interrupt sources has a dedicated vector location. fast external interrupt inputs are provided to service external interrupts with high precision requirements. these fast interrupt inputs feature programmable edge detection (rising edge, falling edge or both edges). software interrupts are supported by means of the ?rap?instruction in combination with an individual trap (interrupt) number. the following table shows all of the possible c161 interrupt sources and the corresponding hardware-related interrupt flags, vectors, vector locations and trap (interrupt) numbers:
semiconductor group 14 1996 intermediate version c161 note: the shaded interrupt nodes are only available in the c161o , not in the c161v and the c161k. source of interrupt or pec service request request flag enable flag interrupt vector vector location trap number external interrupt 1 cc9ir cc9ie cc9int 00?064 h 19 h external interrupt 2 cc10ir cc10ie cc10int 00?068 h 1a h external interrupt 3 cc11ir cc11ie cc11int 00?06c h 1b h external interrupt 4 cc12ir cc12ie cc12int 00?070 h 1c h external interrupt 5 cc13ir cc13ie cc13int 00?074 h 1d h external interrupt 6 cc14ir cc14ie cc14int 00?078 h 1e h external interrupt 7 cc15ir cc15ie cc15int 00?07c h 1f h gpt1 timer 2 t2ir t2ie t2int 00?088 h 22 h gpt1 timer 3 t3ir t3ie t3int 00?08c h 23 h gpt1 timer 4 t4ir t4ie t4int 00?090 h 24 h gpt2 timer 5 t5ir t5ie t5int 00?094 h 25 h gpt2 timer 6 t6ir t6ie t6int 00?098 h 26 h gpt2 caprel register crir crie crint 00?09c h 27 h asc0 transmit s0tir s0tie s0tint 00?0a8 h 2a h asc0 transmit buffer s0tbir s0tbie s0tbint 00?11c h 47 h asc0 receive s0rir s0rie s0rint 00?0ac h 2b h asc0 error s0eir s0eie s0eint 00?0b0 h 2c h ssc transmit sctir sctie sctint 00?0b4 h 2d h ssc receive scrir scrie scrint 00?0b8 h 2e h ssc error sceir sceie sceint 00?0bc h 2f h
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 15 c161 the c161 also provides an excellent mechanism to identify and to process exceptions or error conditions that arise during run-time, so-called ?ardware traps? hardware traps cause immediate non-maskable system reaction which is similar to a standard interrupt service (branching to a dedicated vector table location). the occurence of a hardware trap is additionally signified by an individual bit in the trap flag register (tfr). except when another higher prioritized trap service is in progress, a hardware trap will interrupt any actual program execution. in turn, hardware trap services can normally not be interrupted by standard or pec interrupts. the following table shows all of the possible exceptions or error conditions that can arise during run- time: exception condition trap flag trap vector vector location trap number trap priority reset functions: hardware reset software reset watchdog timer overflow reset reset reset 00?000 h 00?000 h 00?000 h 00 h 00 h 00 h iii iii iii class a hardware traps: non-maskable interrupt stack overflow stack underflow nmi stkof stkuf nmitrap stotrap stutrap 00?008 h 00?010 h 00?018 h 02 h 04 h 06 h ii ii ii class b hardware traps: undefined opcode protected instruction fault illegal word operand access illegal instruction access illegal external bus access undopc prtflt illopa illina illbus btrap btrap btrap btrap btrap 00?028 h 00?028 h 00?028 h 00?028 h 00?028 h 0a h 0a h 0a h 0a h 0a h i i i i i reserved [2c h ?3c h ] [0b h ?0f h ] software traps trap instruction any [00?000 h ? 00?1fc h ] in steps of 4 h any [00 h ?7f h ] current cpu priority
semiconductor group 16 1996 intermediate version c161 general purpose timer (gpt) units the gpt units represent a very flexible multifunctional timer/counter structure which may be used for many different time related tasks such as event timing and counting, pulse width and duty cycle measurements, pulse generation, or pulse multiplication. two separate modules, gpt1 and gpt2, are available (gpt2 on c161o only). each timer in each module may operate independently in a number of different modes, or may be concatenated with another timer of the same module. each of the three timers t2, t3, t4 of module gpt1 can be configured individually for one of three basic modes of operation, which are timer, gated timer, and counter mode. in timer mode, the input clock for a timer is derived from the cpu clock, divided by a programmable prescaler, while counter mode allows a timer to be clocked in reference to external events. pulse width or duty cycle measurement is supported in gated timer mode, where the operation of a timer is controlled by the ?ate?level on an external input pin. for these purposes, each timer has one associated port pin (txin) which serves as gate or clock input. the maximum resolution of the timers in module gpt1 is 500 ns (@ 16-mhz cpu clock). the count direction (up/down) for each timer is programmable by software or may additionally be altered dynamically by an external signal on a port pin (txeud) to facilitate e.g. position tracking. figure 5 block diagram of gpt1 timer t3 has an output toggle latch (t3otl) which changes its state on each timer overflow/ underflow. the state of this latch may be output on a port pin (t3out) e.g. for time out monitoring of external hardware components, or may be used internally to clock timers t2 and t4 for measuring long time periods with high resolution.
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 17 c161 in addition to their basic operating modes, timers t2 and t4 may be configured as reload or capture registers for timer t3. when used as capture or reload registers, timers t2 and t4 are stopped. the contents of timer t3 is captured into t2 or t4 in response to a signal at their associated input pins (txin). timer t3 is reloaded with the contents of t2 or t4 triggered either by an external signal or by a selectable state transition of its toggle latch t3otl. when both t2 and t4 are configured to alternately reload t3 on opposite state transitions of t3otl with the low and high times of a pwm signal, this signal can be constantly generated without software intervention. note: the c161v has no external connection for gpt1, ie. the related functions are not available. figure 6 block diagram of gpt2 with its maximum resolution of 250 ns (@ 16 mhz), the gpt2 module provides precise event control and time measurement. it includes two timers (t5, t6) and a capture/reload register (caprel). both timers can be clocked with an input clock which is derived from the cpu clock via a programmable prescaler. the count direction (up/down) for each timer is programmable by software. concatenation of the timers is supported via the output toggle latch (t6otl) of timer t6, which changes its state on each timer overflow/underflow. the state of this latch may be used to clock timer t5. the overflows/underflows of timer t6 can cause a reload from the caprel register. the caprel register may capture the contents of timer t5 based on an external signal transition on the corresponding port pin (capin), and timer t5 may optionally be cleared after the capture procedure. this allows absolute time differences to be measured or pulse multiplication to be performed without software overhead. note: the gpt2 module is only available on the c161o.
semiconductor group 18 1996 intermediate version c161 parallel ports the c161 provides up to 63 i/o lines which are organized into six input/output ports and one input port. all port lines are bit-addressable, and all input/output lines are individually (bit-wise) programmable as inputs or outputs via direction registers. the i/o ports are true bidirectional ports which are switched to high impedance state when configured as inputs. the output drivers of three i/o ports can be configured (pin by pin) for push/pull operation or open-drain operation via control registers. during the internal reset, all port pins are configured as inputs. all port lines have programmable alternate input or output functions associated with them. port0 and port1 may be used as address and data lines when accessing external memory, while port 4 outputs the additional segment address bits a21/19/17...a16 in systems where segmentation is enabled to access more than 64 kbytes of memory. port 6 provides optional chip select signals. port 3 includes alternate functions of timers, serial interfaces and the optional bus control signal bhe . port 5 is used for timer control signals. all port lines that are not used for these alternate functions may be used as general purpose i/o lines. watchdog timer the watchdog timer represents one of the fail-safe mechanisms which have been implemented to prevent the controller from malfunctioning for longer periods of time. the watchdog timer is always enabled after a reset of the chip, and can only be disabled in the time interval until the einit (end of initialization) instruction has been executed. thus, the chip? start-up procedure is always monitored. the software has to be designed to service the watchdog timer before it overflows. if, due to hardware or software related failures, the software fails to do so, the watchdog timer overflows and generates an internal hardware reset and pulls the rstout pin low in order to allow external hardware components to be reset. the watchdog timer is a 16-bit timer, clocked with the system clock divided either by 2 or by 128. the high byte of the watchdog timer register can be set to a prespecified reload value (stored in wdtrel) in order to allow further variation of the monitored time interval. each time it is serviced by the application software, the high byte of the watchdog timer is reloaded. thus, time intervals between 32 m s and 524 ms can be monitored (@ 16 mhz). the default watchdog timer interval after reset is 8.19 ms (@ 16 mhz).
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 19 c161 serial channels serial communication with other microcontrollers, processors, terminals or external peripheral components is provided by two serial interfaces with different functionality, an asynchronous/ synchronous serial channel ( asc0 ) and a high-speed synchronous serial channel ( ssc ). the asc0 is upward compatible with the serial ports of the siemens 8-bit microcontroller families and supports full-duplex asynchronous communication at up to 500 kbaud and half-duplex synchronous communication at up to 2 mbaud @ 16 mhz cpu clock. a dedicated baud rate generator allows to set up all standard baud rates without oscillator tuning. for transmission, reception and error handling 4 separate interrupt vectors are provided. in asynchronous mode, 8- or 9-bit data frames are transmitted or received, preceded by a start bit and terminated by one or two stop bits. for multiprocessor communication, a mechanism to distinguish address from data bytes has been included (8-bit data plus wake up bit mode). in synchronous mode, the asc0 transmits or receives bytes (8 bits) synchronously to a shift clock which is generated by the asc0. the asc0 always shifts the lsb first. a loop back option is available for testing purposes. a number of optional hardware error detection capabilities has been included to increase the reliability of data transfers. a parity bit can automatically be generated on transmission or be checked on reception. framing error detection allows to recognize data frames with missing stop bits. an overrun error will be generated, if the last character received has not been read out of the receive buffer register at the time the reception of a new character is complete. the ssc supports full-duplex synchronous communication at up to 4 mbaud @ 16 mhz cpu clock. it may be configured so it interfaces with serially linked peripheral components. a dedicated baud rate generator allows to set up all standard baud rates without oscillator tuning. for transmission, reception and error handling 3 separate interrupt vectors are provided. the ssc transmits or receives characters of 2...16 bits length synchronously to a shift clock which can be generated by the ssc (master mode) or by an external master (slave mode). the ssc can start shifting with the lsb or with the msb and allows the selection of shifting and latching clock edges as well as the clock polarity. a number of optional hardware error detection capabilities has been included to increase the reliability of data transfers. transmit and receive error supervise the correct handling of the data buffer. phase and baudrate error detect incorrect serial data.
semiconductor group 20 1996 intermediate version c161 instruction set summary the table below lists the instructions of the c161 in a condensed way. the various addressing modes that can be used with a specific instruction, the operation of the instructions, parameters for conditional execution of instructions, and the opcodes for each instruction can be found in the ?16x family instruction set manual . this document also provides a detailled description of each instruction. instruction set summary mnemonic description bytes add(b) add word (byte) operands 2 / 4 addc(b) add word (byte) operands with carry 2 / 4 sub(b) subtract word (byte) operands 2 / 4 subc(b) subtract word (byte) operands with carry 2 / 4 mul(u) (un)signed multiply direct gpr by direct gpr (16-16-bit) 2 div(u) (un)signed divide register mdl by direct gpr (16-/16-bit) 2 divl(u) (un)signed long divide reg. md by direct gpr (32-/16-bit) 2 cpl(b) complement direct word (byte) gpr 2 neg(b) negate direct word (byte) gpr 2 and(b) bitwise and, (word/byte operands) 2 / 4 or(b) bitwise or, (word/byte operands) 2 / 4 xor(b) bitwise xor, (word/byte operands) 2 / 4 bclr clear direct bit 2 bset set direct bit 2 bmov(n) move (negated) direct bit to direct bit 4 band, bor, bxor and/or/xor direct bit with direct bit 4 bcmp compare direct bit to direct bit 4 bfldh/l bitwise modify masked high/low byte of bit-addressable direct word memory with immediate data 4 cmp(b) compare word (byte) operands 2 / 4 cmpd1/2 compare word data to gpr and decrement gpr by 1/2 2 / 4 cmpi1/2 compare word data to gpr and increment gpr by 1/2 2 / 4 prior determine number of shift cycles to normalize direct word gpr and store result in direct word gpr 2 shl / shr shift left/right direct word gpr 2 rol / ror rotate left/right direct word gpr 2 ashr arithmetic (sign bit) shift right direct word gpr 2
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 21 c161 mov(b) move word (byte) data 2 / 4 movbs move byte operand to word operand with sign extension 2 / 4 movbz move byte operand to word operand. with zero extension 2 / 4 jmpa, jmpi, jmpr jump absolute/indirect/relative if condition is met 4 jmps jump absolute to a code segment 4 j(n)b jump relative if direct bit is (not) set 4 jbc jump relative and clear bit if direct bit is set 4 jnbs jump relative and set bit if direct bit is not set 4 calla, calli, callr call absolute/indirect/relative subroutine if condition is met 4 calls call absolute subroutine in any code segment 4 pcall push direct word register onto system stack and call absolute subroutine 4 trap call interrupt service routine via immediate trap number 2 push, pop push/pop direct word register onto/from system stack 2 scxt push direct word register onto system stack und update register with word operand 4 ret return from intra-segment subroutine 2 rets return from inter-segment subroutine 2 retp return from intra-segment subroutine and pop direct word register from system stack 2 reti return from interrupt service subroutine 2 srst software reset 4 idle enter idle mode 4 pwrdn enter power down mode (supposes nmi -pin being low) 4 srvwdt service watchdog timer 4 diswdt disable watchdog timer 4 einit signify end-of-initialization on rstout-pin 4 atomic begin atomic sequence 2 extr begin extended register sequence 2 extp(r) begin extended page (and register) sequence 2 / 4 exts(r) begin extended segment (and register) sequence 2 / 4 nop null operation 2 instruction set summary (cont?) mnemonic description bytes
semiconductor group 22 1996 intermediate version c161 special function registers overview the following table lists all sfrs which are implemented in the c161 in alphabetical order. bit-addressable sfrs are marked with the letter b ?in column ?ame? sfrs within the extended sfr-space (esfrs) are marked with the letter e ?in column ?hysical address? an sfr can be specified via its individual mnemonic name. depending on the selected addressing mode, an sfr can be accessed via its physical address (using the data page pointers), or via its short 8-bit address (without using the data page pointers). special function registers overview name physical address 8-bit address description reset value addrsel1 fe18 h 0c h address select register 1 0000 h addrsel2 fe1a h 0d h address select register 2 0000 h addrsel3 fe1c h 0e h address select register 3 0000 h addrsel4 fe1e h 0f h address select register 4 0000 h buscon0 b ff0c h 86 h bus configuration register 0 0xx0 h buscon1 b ff14 h 8a h bus configuration register 1 0000 h buscon2 b ff16 h 8b h bus configuration register 2 0000 h buscon3 b ff18 h 8c h bus configuration register 3 0000 h buscon4 b ff1a h 8d h bus configuration register 4 0000 h caprel fe4a h 25 h gpt2 capture/reload register 0000 h cc9ic b ff8a h c5 h ex1in interrupt control register 0000 h cc10ic b ff8c h c6 h ex2in interrupt control register 0000 h cc11ic b ff8e h c7 h ex3in interrupt control register 0000 h cc12ic b ff90 h c8 h ex4in interrupt control register 0000 h cc13ic b ff92 h c9 h ex5in interrupt control register 0000 h cc14ic b ff94 h ca h ex6in interrupt control register 0000 h cc15ic b ff96 h cb h ex7in interrupt control register 0000 h cp fe10 h 08 h cpu context pointer register fc00 h cric b ff6a h b5 h gpt2 caprel interrupt control register 0000 h csp fe08 h 04 h cpu code segment pointer register (read only) 0000 h dp0l b f100 h e 80 h p0l direction control register 00 h dp0h b f102 h e 81 h p0h direction control register 00 h
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 23 c161 dp1l b f104 h e 82 h p1l direction control register 00 h dp1h b f106 h e 83 h p1h direction control register 00 h dp2 b ffc2 h e1 h port 2 direction control register 0000 h dp3 b ffc6 h e3 h port 3 direction control register 0000 h dp4 b ffca h e5 h port 4 direction control register 00 h dp6 b ffce h e7 h port 6 direction control register 00 h dpp0 fe00 h 00 h cpu data page pointer 0 register (10 bits) 0000 h dpp1 fe02 h 01 h cpu data page pointer 1 register (10 bits) 0001 h dpp2 fe04 h 02 h cpu data page pointer 2 register (10 bits) 0002 h dpp3 fe06 h 03 h cpu data page pointer 3 register (10 bits) 0003 h exicon b f1c0 h e e0 h external interrupt control register 0000 h mdc b ff0e h 87 h cpu multiply divide control register 0000 h mdh fe0c h 06 h cpu multiply divide register ?high word 0000 h mdl fe0e h 07 h cpu multiply divide register ?low word 0000 h odp2 b f1c2 h e e1 h port 2 open drain control register 0000 h odp3 b f1c6 h e e3 h port 3 open drain control register 0000 h odp6 b f1ce h e e7 h port 6 open drain control register 00 h ones ff1e h 8f h constant value 1? register (read only) ffff h p0l b ff00 h 80 h port 0 low register (lower half of port0) 00 h p0h b ff02 h 81 h port 0 high register (upper half of port0) 00 h p1l b ff04 h 82 h port 1 low register (lower half of port1) 00 h p1h b ff06 h 83 h port 1 high register (upper half of port1) 00 h p2 b ffc0 h e0 h port 2 register 0000 h p3 b ffc4 h e2 h port 3 register 0000 h p4 b ffc8 h e4 h port 4 register (8 bits) 00 h p5 b ffa2 h d1 h port 5 register (read only) xxxx h p6 b ffcc h e6 h port 6 register (8 bits) 00 h pecc0 fec0 h 60 h pec channel 0 control register 0000 h pecc1 fec2 h 61 h pec channel 1 control register 0000 h special function registers overview (contd) name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
semiconductor group 24 1996 intermediate version c161 pecc2 fec4 h 62 h pec channel 2 control register 0000 h pecc3 fec6 h 63 h pec channel 3 control register 0000 h pecc4 fec8 h 64 h pec channel 4 control register 0000 h pecc5 feca h 65 h pec channel 5 control register 0000 h pecc6 fecc h 66 h pec channel 6 control register 0000 h pecc7 fece h 67 h pec channel 7 control register 0000 h psw b ff10 h 88 h cpu program status word 0000 h rp0h b f108 h e 84 h system startup configuration register (rd. only) xx h s0bg feb4 h 5a h serial channel 0 baud rate generator reload register 0000 h s0con b ffb0 h d8 h serial channel 0 control register 0000 h s0eic b ff70 h b8 h serial channel 0 error interrupt control register 0000 h s0rbuf feb2 h 59 h serial channel 0 receive buffer register (read only) xx h s0ric b ff6e h b7 h serial channel 0 receive interrupt control register 0000 h s0tbic b f19c h e ce h serial channel 0 transmit buffer interrupt control register 0000 h s0tbuf feb0 h 58 h serial channel 0 transmit buffer register (write only) 00 h s0tic b ff6c h b6 h serial channel 0 transmit interrupt control register 0000 h sp fe12 h 09 h cpu system stack pointer register fc00 h sscbr f0b4 h e 5a h ssc baudrate register 0000 h ssccon b ffb2 h d9 h ssc control register 0000 h ssceic b ff76 h bb h ssc error interrupt control register 0000 h sscrb f0b2 h e 59 h ssc receive buffer (read only) xxxx h sscric b ff74 h ba h ssc receive interrupt control register 0000 h ssctb f0b0 h e 58 h ssc transmit buffer (write only) 0000 h ssctic b ff72 h b9 h ssc transmit interrupt control register 0000 h stkov fe14 h 0a h cpu stack overflow pointer register fa00 h special function registers overview (contd) name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 25 c161 *) the system configuration is selected during reset. note: the shaded registers are only available in the c161o , not in the c161v and the c161k. stkun fe16 h 0b h cpu stack underflow pointer register fc00 h syscon b ff12 h 89 h cpu system configuration register 0xx0 h *) t2 fe40 h 20 h gpt1 timer 2 register 0000 h t2con b ff40 h a0 h gpt1 timer 2 control register 0000 h t2ic b ff60 h b0 h gpt1 timer 2 interrupt control register 0000 h t3 fe42 h 21 h gpt1 timer 3 register 0000 h t3con b ff42 h a1 h gpt1 timer 3 control register 0000 h t3ic b ff62 h b1 h gpt1 timer 3 interrupt control register 0000 h t4 fe44 h 22 h gpt1 timer 4 register 0000 h t4con b ff44 h a2 h gpt1 timer 4 control register 0000 h t4ic b ff64 h b2 h gpt1 timer 4 interrupt control register 0000 h t5 fe46 h 23 h gpt2 timer 5 register 0000 h t5con b ff46 h a3 h gpt2 timer 5 control register 0000 h t5ic b ff66 h b3 h gpt2 timer 5 interrupt control register 0000 h t6 fe48 h 24 h gpt2 timer 6 register 0000 h t6con b ff48 h a4 h gpt2 timer 6 control register 0000 h t6ic b ff68 h b4 h gpt2 timer 6 interrupt control register 0000 h tfr b ffac h d6 h trap flag register 0000 h wdt feae h 57 h watchdog timer register (read only) 0000 h wdtcon ffae h d7 h watchdog timer control register 0000 h zeros b ff1c h 8e h constant value 0? register (read only) 0000 h special function registers overview (contd) name physical address 8-bit address description reset value
semiconductor group 26 1996 intermediate version c161 absolute maximum ratings ambient temperature under bias ( t a ): sab-c161v-l16m, sab-c161k-l16m, sab-c161o-l16m............................................ 0 to +70 ?c storage temperature ( t st ) ........................................................................................ ?65 to +150 ?c voltage on v cc pins with respect to ground ( v ss ) ....................................................... ?.5 to +6.5 v voltage on any pin with respect to ground ( v ss ) ...................................................?.5 to v cc +0.5 v input current on any pin during overload condition.................................................... ?0 to +10 ma absolute sum of all input currents during overload condition ..............................................|100 ma| power dissipation.............................................................................................................. ....... 1.5 w note: stresses above those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. during overload conditions ( v in > v cc or v in < v ss ) the voltage on pins with respect to ground ( v ss ) must not exceed the values defined by the absolute maximum ratings. parameter interpretation the parameters listed in the following partly represent the characteristics of the c161 and partly its demands on the system. to aid in interpreting the parameters right, when evaluating them for a design, they are marked in column ?ymbol? cc ( c ontroller c haracteristics): the logic of the c161 will provide signals with the respective timing characteristics. sr ( s ystem r equirement): the external system must provide signals with the respective timing characteristics to the c161. dc characteristics v cc = 5 v 10 %; v ss = 0 v; f cpu = 16 mhz; reset active t a = 0 to +70 ?c for sab-c161v-l16m, sab-c161k-l16m, sab-c161o-l16m parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. max. input low voltage v il sr ?0.5 0.2 v cc ?0.1 v input high voltage (all except rstin and xtal1) v ih sr 0.2 v cc + 0.9 v cc + 0.5 v input high voltage rstin v ih1 sr 0.6 v cc v cc + 0.5 v input high voltage xtal1 v ih2 sr 0.7 v cc v cc + 0.5 v
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 27 c161 output low voltage (port0, port1, port 4, ale, rd , wr , bhe , clkout, rstout ) v ol cc 0.45 v i ol = 2.4 ma output low voltage (all other outputs) v ol1 cc 0.45 v i ol1 = 1.6 ma output high voltage (port0, port1, port 4, ale, rd , wr , bhe , clkout, rstout ) v oh cc 0.9 v cc 2.4 ? i oh = ?500 m a i oh = ?2.4 ma output high voltage 1) (all other outputs) v oh1 cc 0.9 v cc 2.4 ? v i oh = ?250 m a i oh = ?1.6 ma input leakage current (port 5) i oz1 cc 200 na 0 v < v in < v cc input leakage current (all other) i oz2 cc 500 na 0 v < v in < v cc rstin pullup resistor r rst cc 50 150 k w read/write inactive current 4) i rwh 2) -40 m a v out = 2.4 v read/write active current 4) i rwl 3) -500 m a v out = v olmax ale inactive current 4) i alel 2) ?0 m a v out = v olmax ale active current 4) i aleh 3) 500 m a v out = 2.4 v port 6 inactive current 4) i p6h 2) -40 m a v out = 2.4 v port 6 active current 4) i p6l 3) -500 m a v out = v ol1max port0 configuration current 4) i p0h 2) -10 m a v in = v ihmin i p0l 3) -100 m a v in = v ilmax xtal1 input current i il cc 20 m a 0 v < v in < v cc pin capacitance 5) (digital inputs/outputs) c io cc 10 pf f = 1 mhz t a = 25 ?c power supply current i cc 10 + 4 * f cpu ma rstin = v il2 f cpu in [mhz] 6) idle mode supply current i id ? + 1.2 * f cpu ma rstin = v ih1 f cpu in [mhz] 6) power-down mode supply current i pd ?0 m a v cc = 5.5 v 7) parameter symbol limit values unit test condition min. max.
semiconductor group 28 1996 intermediate version c161 notes 1) this specification is not valid for outputs which are switched to open drain mode. in this case the respective output will float and the voltage results from the external circuitry. 2) the maximum current may be drawn while the respective signal line remains inactive. 3) the minimum current must be drawn in order to drive the respective signal line active. 4) this specification is only valid during reset, or during hold- or adapt-mode. port 6 pins are only affected, if they are used for cs output and the open drain function is not enabled. 5) not 100% tested, guaranteed by design characterization. 6) the supply current is a function of the operating frequency. this dependency is illustrated in the figure below. these parameters are tested at v ccmax and 16 mhz cpu clock with all outputs disconnected and all inputs at v il or v ih . 7) this parameter is tested including leakage currents. all inputs (including pins configured as inputs) at 0 v to 0.1 v or at v cc ?0.1 v to v cc , v ref = 0 v, all outputs (including pins configured as outputs) disconnected. figure 7 supply/idle current as a function of operating frequency
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 29 c161 testing waveforms figure 8 input output waveforms figure 9 float waveforms ac inputs during testing are driven at 2.4 v for a logic ??and 0.4 v for a logic ?? timing measurements are made at v ih min for a logic ??and v il max for a logic ?? for timing purposes a port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mv change from load voltage occurs, but begins to float when a 100 mv change from the loaded v oh / v ol level occurs ( i oh / i ol = 20 ma).
semiconductor group 30 1996 intermediate version c161 ac characteristics external clock drive xtal1 v cc = 5 v 10 %; v ss = 0 v t a = 0 to +70 ?c for sab-c161v-l16m, sab-c161k-l16m, sab-c161o-l16m figure 10 external clock drive xtal1 memory cycle variables the timing tables below use three variables which are derived from the busconx registers and represent the special characteristics of the programmed memory cycle. the following table describes, how these variables are to be computed. parameter symbol max. cpu clock = 16 mhz variable cpu clock 1/2tcl = 1 to 16 mhz unit min. max. min. max. oscillator period tcl sr 31 31 31 500 ns high time t 1 sr88?s low time t 2 sr88?s rise time t 3 sr6?ns fall time t 4 sr6?ns description symbol values ale extension t a tcl * memory cycle time waitstates t c 2tcl * (15 - ) memory tristate time t f 2tcl * (1 - )
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 31 c161 ac characteristics (cont?) multiplexed bus v cc = 5 v 10 %; v ss = 0 v t a = 0 to +70 ?c for sab-c161v-l16m, sab-c161k-l16m, sab-c161o-l16m c l (for port0, port1, port 4, ale, rd , wr , bhe , clkout) = 100 pf c l (for port 6, cs ) = 100 pf ale cycle time = 6 tcl + 2 t a + t c + t f (186 ns at 16-mhz cpu clock without waitstates) parameter symbol max. cpu clock = 16 mhz variable cpu clock 1/2tcl = 1 to 16 mhz unit min. max. min. max. ale high time t 5 cc 21 + t a tcl - 10 + t a ?s address setup to ale t 6 cc 16 + t a tcl - 15 + t a ?s address hold after ale t 7 cc 21 + t a tcl - 10 + t a ?s ale falling edge to rd , wr (with rw-delay) t 8 cc 21 + t a tcl - 10 + t a ?s ale falling edge to rd , wr (no rw-delay) t 9 cc -10 + t a -10 + t a ?s address float after rd , wr (with rw-delay) t 10 cc 5?ns address float after rd , wr (no rw-delay) t 11 cc 36 tcl + 5 ns rd , wr low time (with rw-delay) t 12 cc 53 + t c 2tcl - 10 + t c ?s rd , wr low time (no rw-delay) t 13 cc 84 + t c 3tcl - 10 + t c ?s rd to valid data in (with rw-delay) t 14 sr 43 + t c 2tcl - 20 + t c ns rd to valid data in (no rw-delay) t 15 sr 74 + t c 3tcl - 20 + t c ns ale low to valid data in t 16 sr 74 + t a + t c 3tcl - 20 + t a + t c ns address to valid data in t 17 sr 95 + 2 t a + t c 4tcl - 30 + 2 t a + t c ns data hold after rd rising edge t 18 sr00?s data float after rd t 19 sr 48 + t f 2tcl - 15 + t f ns data valid to wr t 22 sr 48 + t c 2tcl - 15 + t c ?s
semiconductor group 32 1996 intermediate version c161 data hold after wr t 23 cc 48 + t f 2tcl - 15 + t f ?s ale rising edge after rd , wr t 25 cc 48 + t f 2tcl - 15 + t f ?s address hold after rd , wr t 27 cc 48 + t f 2tcl - 15 + t f ?s ale falling edge to cs t 38 cc -5 - t a 10 - t a -5 - t a 10 - t a ns cs low to valid data in t 39 sr 74 + t c + 2 t a 3tcl - 20 + t c + 2 t a ns cs hold after rd , wr t 40 cc 79 + t f 3tcl - 15 + t f ?s ale fall. edge to rdcs , wrcs (with rw delay) t 42 cc 26 + t a tcl - 5 + t a ?s ale fall. edge to rdcs , wrcs (no rw delay) t 43 cc -5 + t a ?5 + t a ?s address float after rdcs , wrcs (with rw delay) t 44 cc0?ns address float after rdcs , wrcs (no rw delay) t 45 cc 31 tcl ns rdcs to valid data in (with rw delay) t 46 sr 38 + t c 2tcl - 25 + t c ns rdcs to valid data in (no rw delay) t 47 sr 69 + t c 3tcl - 25 + t c ns rdcs , wrcs low time (with rw delay) t 48 cc 53 + t c 2tcl - 10 + t c ?s rdcs , wrcs low time (no rw delay) t 49 cc 84 + t c 3tcl - 10 + t c ?s data valid to wrcs t 50 cc 48 + t c 2tcl - 15 + t c ?s data hold after rdcs t 51 sr00?s data float after rdcs t 52 sr 43 + t f 2tcl - 20 + t f ns address hold after rdcs , wrcs t 54 cc 43 + t f 2tcl - 20 + t f ?s data hold after wrcs t 56 cc 43 + t f 2tcl - 20 + t f ?s parameter symbol max. cpu clock = 16 mhz variable cpu clock 1/2tcl = 1 to 16 mhz unit min. max. min. max.
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 33 c161 figure 11-1 external memory cycle: multiplexed bus, with read/write delay, normal ale
semiconductor group 34 1996 intermediate version c161 figure 11-2 external memory cycle: multiplexed bus, with read/write delay, extended ale
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 35 c161 figure 11-3 external memory cycle: multiplexed bus, no read/write delay, normal ale
semiconductor group 36 1996 intermediate version c161 figure 11-4 external memory cycle: multiplexed bus, no read/write delay, extended ale
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 37 c161 ac characteristics (cont?) demultiplexed bus v cc = 5 v 10 %; v ss = 0 v t a = 0 to +70 ?c for sab-c161k-l16m, sab-c161o-l16m (sab-c161v-l16m does not provide the demultiplexed bus modes) c l (for port0, port1, port 4, ale, rd , wr , bhe , clkout) = 100 pf c l (for port 6, cs ) = 100 pf ale cycle time = 4 tcl + 2 t a + t c + t f (125 ns at 16-mhz cpu clock without waitstates) parameter symbol max. cpu clock = 16 mhz variable cpu clock 1/2tcl = 1 to 16 mhz unit min. max. min. max. ale high time t 5 cc 21 + t a tcl - 10 + t a ?s address setup to ale t 6 cc 16 + t a tcl - 15 + t a ?s ale falling edge to rd , wr (with rw-delay) t 8 cc 21 + t a tcl - 10 + t a ?s ale falling edge to rd , wr (no rw-delay) t 9 cc -10 + t a -10 + t a ?s rd , wr low time (with rw-delay) t 12 cc 53 + t c 2tcl - 10 + t c ?s rd , wr low time (no rw-delay) t 13 cc 84 + t c 3tcl - 10 + t c ?s rd to valid data in (with rw-delay) t 14 sr 43 + t c 2tcl - 20 + t c ns rd to valid data in (no rw-delay) t 15 sr 74 + t c 3tcl - 20 + t c ns ale low to valid data in t 16 sr 74 + t a + t c 3tcl - 20 + t a + t c ns address to valid data in t 17 sr 95 + 2 t a + t c 4tcl - 30 + 2 t a + t c ns data hold after rd rising edge t 18 sr00?s data float after rd rising edge (with rw-delay) t 20 sr 48 + t f 2tcl - 15 + t f ns data float after rd rising edge (no rw-delay) t 21 sr 21 + t f tcl - 10 + t f ns data valid to wr t 22 cc 48 + t c 2tcl - 15 + t c ?s data hold after wr t 24 cc 21 + t f tcl - 10 + t f ?s ale rising edge after rd , wr t 26 cc -10 + t f -10 + t f ?s
semiconductor group 38 1996 intermediate version c161 address hold after rd , wr t 28 cc 0 + t f ? + t f ?s ale falling edge to cs t 38 cc -5 - t a 10 - t a -5 - t a 10 - t a ns cs low to valid data in t 39 sr 74 + t c + 2 t a 3tcl - 20 + t c + 2 t a ns cs hold after rd , wr t 41 cc 16 + t f tcl - 15 + t f ?s ale falling edge to rdcs , wrcs (with rw-delay) t 42 cc 26 + t a tcl - 5 + t a ?s ale falling edge to rdcs , wrcs (no rw-delay) t 43 cc -5 + t a ?5 + t a ?s rdcs to valid data in (with rw-delay) t 46 sr 38 + t c 2tcl - 25 + t c ns rdcs to valid data in (no rw-delay) t 47 sr 69 + t c 3tcl - 25 + t c ns rdcs , wrcs low time (with rw-delay) t 48 cc 53 + t c 2tcl - 10 + t c ?s rdcs , wrcs low time (no rw-delay) t 49 cc 84 + t c 3tcl - 10 + t c ?s data valid to wrcs t 50 cc 48 + t c 2tcl - 15 + t c ?s data hold after rdcs t 51 sr00?s data float after rdcs (with rw-delay) t 53 sr 43 + t f 2tcl - 20 + t f ns data float after rdcs (no rw-delay) t 68 sr 11 + t f tcl - 20 + t f ns address hold after rdcs , wrcs t 55 cc -5 + t f ?5 + t f ?s data hold after wrcs t 57 cc 16 + t f tcl - 15 + t f ?s parameter symbol max. cpu clock = 16 mhz variable cpu clock 1/2tcl = 1 to 16 mhz unit min. max. min. max.
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 39 c161 figure 12-1 external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, with read/write delay, normal ale
semiconductor group 40 1996 intermediate version c161 figure 12-2 external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, with read/write delay, extended ale
1996 intermediate version semiconductor group 41 c161 figure 12-3 external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, no read/write delay, normal ale
semiconductor group 42 1996 intermediate version c161 figure 12-4 external memory cycle: demultiplexed bus, no read/write delay, extended ale

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